Nonprofit Jobs Training to be a Fundraiser at a Nonprofit Organization 2019

Nonprofit organizations, neither a part of business or government, exist to further a cause rather than to make profits. Nonprofit agencies make no profits, but they still require financial resources to carry out necessary activities and programs. For students interested in pursuing nonprofit organization jobs, the position of fundraiser is one of many opportunities. What is a Fundraiser? The nonprofit job opportunity of fundraiser is one that encompasses seeking out money for the agency. It involves developing relationships with potential donors, hosting special events to raise awareness for the cause and solicit donations, requesting long-term regular gifts and bequests, writing grant letters, and directing phone and mail campaigns. In large organizations, there may be five financial nonprofit jobs that specialize in each of these categories of giving. What Does a Fundraiser Do on a Daily Basis? Nonprofit jobs in the area of large gift giving focus on researching potential donors and building relationships. Fundraisers may arrange for special gifts for major donors, such as putting his or her name on a building or giving tickets to a performance. The professional who secures the nonprofit job opportunity of planned giving also establishes relationships and stays current on tax, gift, and estate law in order to help donors receive the best tax benefits for their donations. .ud306844a5d02e4cf7a7901bd2110d45c { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ud306844a5d02e4cf7a7901bd2110d45c:active, .ud306844a5d02e4cf7a7901bd2110d45c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ud306844a5d02e4cf7a7901bd2110d45c { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ud306844a5d02e4cf7a7901bd2110d45c .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ud306844a5d02e4cf7a7901bd2110d45c .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ud306844a5d02e4cf7a7901bd2110d45c:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Minnesota Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in MinnesotaOther fundraising nonprofit jobs focus on event planning. Event coordinators have very detailed work, including everything from sending out invitations to planning the particulars of the event. Another detailed nonprofit job opportunity is directing campaigns. The mail campaign director may write a letter explaining the mission of the organization and asking for donations. The campaign director may also buy lists of names from marketing companies in order to better target the potential donor. He or she is then in charge of recording financial donations and sending out thank you notes. Grant writing is another possibility in fundraising nonprofit organization jobs. A professional who has secured the nonprofit job opportunity of grant writer researches potential granters and submits a written proposal explaining the organizations financial needs. A grant writer may also engage in relationship building by meeting with potential granters to increase a proposals chance of success. .uc6197c8078f736885cddd2a37da95594 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uc6197c8078f736885cddd2a37da95594:active, .uc6197c8078f736885cddd2a37da95594:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uc6197c8078f736885cddd2a37da95594 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uc6197c8078f736885cddd2a37da95594 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uc6197c8078f736885cddd2a37da95594 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uc6197c8078f736885cddd2a37da95594:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Political Science Degree Jobs Career Possibilities with a Degree in Political ScienceWhat Education is Required to be a Fundraiser? Although no specific education is required to hold fundraising nonprofit jobs, most fundraisers have a bachelors degree in marketing, a bachelors degree in public relations, or a bachelors degree in English. Many schools are now offering specialized degrees that focus on nonprofit management. Capella University offers a Master of Science in Human Services in Management of Nonprofit Agencies as well as a PhD in Human Services in Management of Nonprofit Agencies. It also helps to have office experience in a nonprofit agency before beginning a nonprofit job search. Learning the ins and outs of the organization and observing fundraising activities is often the best preparation for landing a desirable nonprofit job opportunity in fundraising. What Qualities are Necessary for Success as a Fundraiser? Fundraising nonprofit jobs require a professional to be outgoing, confident, and service-oriented. Effective verbal and written communication skills are also a must as fundraisers must interact with potential donors and draft grant proposals and mail campaign letters. Finally, fundraising nonprofit jobs require individuals who are persuasive and not shy. Asking for money from a donor requires courage and the ability to explain why the organizations cause merits a financial donation. .u3ba4fe0b1b2ea99f2b2db20e90a8b740 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u3ba4fe0b1b2ea99f2b2db20e90a8b740:active, .u3ba4fe0b1b2ea99f2b2db20e90a8b740:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u3ba4fe0b1b2ea99f2b2db20e90a8b740 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u3ba4fe0b1b2ea99f2b2db20e90a8b740 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u3ba4fe0b1b2ea99f2b2db20e90a8b740 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u3ba4fe0b1b2ea99f2b2db20e90a8b740:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Courses in Computer ScienceStudents who are interested in nonprofit organization jobs may contact Capella University for more information. College-Pages.com also has an extensive list of available programs and education resources. Related ArticlesNonprofit Jobs Training to be a Communications DirectorNonprofit Jobs Work for a Cause while Building a CareerNonprofit Jobs Training to be an Executive DirectorNonprofit Organization Jobs Work as a Grant Writer for a Nonprofit AgencyNonprofit Jobs Training to be a Manager of VolunteersCareer Overview College Admissions Recruiter

Nestle Business Ethics - 1126 Words

Professional ethics can be described as a system which is put in place to keep and order and honestly in the workplace. Ethics in the a professional setting help employees and employers perform their job duties with principle and dignity. Professional ethics help set a guideline for the workplace behavior expected from all members of the workforce. Below are a few examples of unethical practices performed by professional organizations. Nestlà © is a Swiss food and drink company. The company’s products include cereal, coffee, tea, water, and other food and drink products. Nestlà © is a very well-known and successful brand. It was reported that 29 of their brands currently have sales of over one billion dollars annually, and it has around†¦show more content†¦The chairman of Nestlà ©, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, stated that he believes that human beings’ having a right to access water is considered an opinion and not a fact. After public backlash over this statement, Brabeck-Letmathe retracted his statement and voices his false concern for advocating access to safe water for the world’s population. Nestlà © has been getting its water for its bottled water from California, even though Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s permit to do this job expired in 1988. The company is able to continue with this unethical practice by paying a very immaterial annual fee of around $500. This practice is even more of an ethical issue because Nestlà © continues its operations despite the fact that California is experiencing severe droughts. In other news, Nestlà © has also been under litigation for mislabeling its bottled water, which in reality is just bottled tap water. Other unethical practices by the Nestlà © Company include promotion of child labor and various health threats in small children. Nestlà © is known to purchase its cocoa beans from areas that promote child labor. The Fair Labor Association expressed that Nestlà © was and is aware of the child labor supporting their purchase of cocoa beans and any injuries associated with such practice. Health threats from Nestlà © products include the 2008 Chinese Milk Scandal, in which six young children were killed and almost one thousand were hospitalized due to kidney trouble after consuming Nestlà © products. The reason forShow MoreRelatedEthics, Corporate Social Responsibility And Fiduciary Responsibilities Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership in business† (Archbishop of Wales calls for ethical business). It is probably the case that all businesses should sign the oath, this gives consumers to show that they are dedicated to being an ethical business. There are numerous of old b usinesses that can steer the new business in an unethical direction in this field. By adapting business ethic terms and look for examples in the business fields that have an ethical or unethical reputation, this will give the opportunity for the business leadersRead MoreEthical Principles, Morals And Values Of A Company Or Organization Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesCode of ethics, are implemented to educate employees on the ethical principles, morals and values of a company or organization. Organizations such as the National Association for Social Workers (NASW), and the National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) have ethical codes in place for individuals working within the Human Services field. The American Psychological Association (APA) have ethical principles for psychologists. Furthermore, journalist’s and corporations have ethical codes they mustRead MoreInternational Business Morality Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesInternational Business Morality Societys general conception of the fundamental marketplace has dramatically changed within recent years. 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This essay extends three specific ethical issues of excessive price of bottled water which provided quality as similar as tap water and should not be placed value by money, child labours in cocoa supply chain that are threatened by hard job tasks andRead MoreWhy Has Corporate Social Responsibility Become Such a Prominent Part of the Business World Today?1977 Words   |  8 PagesWhy has Corporate Social Responsibility become such a prominent part of the business world today? It is widely believed that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the most important tasks in the twenty century. Some people may consider that companies have always been the profit organizations, and social affairs are in charge by the government, which is a common sense that there are no directly relationships between each other. 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The brand name and the logo of the company are used in its all products and it affects the purchasing power of the consumers. In order to create a solid image, nestle gives huge importance to theRead MoreCorporate Governance Benchmarking Paper6593 Words   |  27 Pagesreact to these challenges. Individual Company Synopses Nestle The pharmacists Henri Nestle found Nestle in 1866 and currently is the biggest international company serving food and beverages (MAREKTLINE, 2010). Nestle employs more than 280,000 individuals working from various countries. Nestle provides products such as beverages, nutrition, ice cream, milk products, prepared dishes, and cooking assisting tools. In addition, Nestle also provides products for animals, and pharmaceutical products

Memo for Recommendation for Micromotors Inc- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMemo for Recommendation for Minnesota Micromotors Inc. Answer: Minnesota Micromotors strategic marketing vision has been working fairly well in currently as well as in the past. It has been successfully able to create a nice position for itself in the area of brushless, direct current (BLDC) motors with presence of a large number of competitive market participants. Analysis of its cumulative revenue and market share depicts positive trends however, there is presence of advantages that it can use to leverage its niche potentiality and promote its brand presence in the market. In order to capture more market share, the company needs to focus on new product development. Till now the company has been focusing on development and designing of orthopedic products only, but its research and developmental capabilities can further be extended to accommodate scopes for products in related areas as well. New products will act as a brand extension for the current brand and some marketing communication techniques can act for leveraging outcomes for the produc t. Marketing is the sole criteria for the company that can help it create a sustainable market share and develop brand loyalty from its customers. Till date the company had been striving to establish its competency in the field with its orthopedic products, but in the new strategic focus it will aim at extending its scope. The company will devise an exclusive team of marketing personnel who will be trained to attend to more distributor segment and healthcare personnel for making tie-ups for selling the product. A related product in the field as testing instruments can entail development of product categories generating more brand recognition for the company. For such endeavors there needs to be extensive investment related to marketing communication tools. The company had been focusing on smaller market share till date, with new products it can establish broader market focus. It can aim to diversify in global areas where such products are not available or there is lower rates of competi tion. With its high end quality, the company can focus on creation of market share in all potential areas in global markets as well. It will need to develop its global supply chain for furnishing products across all markets that it will cater to in the future. It will position its product in the premium product segment across all categories of product with premium pricing policy, though it will attract a sizable proportion of the population but with global market share its scope will increase. For marketing practices, the company will need to focus on newer marketing techniques and strategies as increasing sales force and including new methods. The company till date had been resorting to traditional modes of marketing but with development of new products it will aim at social media marketing and digital promotional techniques. Combining traditional techniques with digital ones will allow the Company create more competitive advantages for catering to a broader spectrum of customers. The Company including bannering, poster at healthcare centers, television and other form of advertisements will accommodate traditional modes of advertisement. Social media and digital marketing techniques will attract more customers, which will be aimed at retaining by the company. Along with social media and digital marketing techniques of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other promotions it will also be developing an App through which customers will be able to order products. The App will lever age companies marketing capabilities to cater to more number of markets, where customers will be able to order products in an easier manner. All its tactics will be bend on attracting customers in developing economies where there is present substantially large number of customers with higher propensity to spend. Such consumers across greater geographical segments will offer the company with varied type of psychographics. With increasing number of demographic segment, consumers will be from varied differing areas will render sustainability to the business. The Company will aim at conducting frequent market surveys for collection of data and in analysing them. It will collect data through social media platforms through questionnaires and surveys, this will help the Company attract attention from a broader range of the market. While increasing market share in developing markets, outside the U.S., the Company will need to adopt price leadership strategy. It will initially set higher prices for products while introducing new products and then later reduce the price. Along with market expansion and product development strategy, MM will also adopt market penetration strategy for catering to larger demographic segment of customers. It marketing and sales staff will need to be continuously trained and developed in order to understand RD of the Company. Overall it will need to increase its marketing budget to incorporate larger segment of the market and attain sales growth in the area. It will have to make tie-up with distributors as well as su ppliers of orthopedic products in developing countries such that it can easily enter such markets. In order to create a brand in new markets, it will need to offer larger distributor profits such that they are able to generate a sizable market share. It sales force will be primarily focused on attracting more distributors and healthcare personnel to the products of the Company. It will have to deploy multi-channel mode of distribution for its various products for increasing its strength in the market. Through such marketing endeavors the Company will be easily attract larger share of consumers and create a brand recognition globally. It revenue and growth will allow it to support rapid market development and sustainability with respect to research and development criteria. Its competence in the automated sector will allow it to create competitive advantage and extend its core capabilities. Its servicing capabilities will allow it to attain greater levels of growth in the automation segment with exclusive product range.

International Strategic Plan to help Apple company expand in China

Executive summary Since China is enjoying a speedy economic growth, many individuals are starting their ventures in the country thus creating stiff competition. In this regard, multinational companies, like Apple Company, have found a good center for economic development in addition to affluence.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Strategic Plan to help Apple company expand in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apple Company should choose licensing, joint ventures, and wholly owned foreign enterprise licensing as its modes of entry. An evaluation of the business atmosphere in China would give a general image of the market. Additionally, with an excellent evaluation of the market, Apple Company can capitalize on the viable opportunities and reduce the existing threats, as a precise strategic planning will give the company a stable and suitable setting for its growth. Profile Economic Economic aspec ts have a direct impact on companies since they influence the accessibility of capital, charges, provision, and demand. In the contemporary era, the economic development of China has been fast and the industrial segments can attest to this assertion. From around 1978, China turned out to be a market centered economy. In addition, as the central bank in China, the Bank of China employs monetary strategy to raise or reduce the rates of interest and regulate the sum of money in the financial system to attain a steady economic development. The Bank of China as well assumes the responsibility of regulating conflict and surplus, in addition to raising taxation for import duty (Isenberg, 2008). In a period of inflation, the financial system is short of investment and exports normally suffer from the price hikes since inflation raises the cost of exports but it supports imports.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper wit h 15% OFF Learn More Socio-cultural Disproportionate income distribution and poverty act as hindrances for the development of China and thus the government should regulate the taxation system, decrease income variation, and enhance socio-cultural security to increase the safety of existence. With the changing way of life, individuals desire to work from home, which increases the need for such things as computers. Moreover, the level of single households is on the rise and companies have a tendency of deploying such employees far away from home (Acs, 2006). With regard to attitude of work and leisure, individuals become more considerate and flexible when they have an opportunity to take pleasure in life after work. In this regard, it is critical for companies to set aside time for leisure activities of their personnel and encourage the capacity to communicate and socialize irrespective of their cultural origins, and thus improve their health of body and mind in addition to c reating a suitable ground for their effectiveness at work. Legal The legal aspects deal with the manner in which regulatory and government strategy impact economic aspects and judgments by the government. Following the economic change in 1978, the financial system of China is rising outstandingly and influences the encouragement of the growth of non-public companies, foreign trade, industrial manufacturing, in addition to the employment report. When the security of consumers is increasing, Apple Company and other international companies will acquire gains from carrying out business in China.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Strategic Plan to help Apple company expand in China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The emergence of foreign trade in China is leading to a rise in foreign direct investment (FDI) and in 2008, the FDI rose to around 110 billion US dollars in China. Moreover, the excellent asso ciation involving nations is very significant for economic growth (Li Zhou, 2010). Competitive profiles With China enjoying a fast economic growth, many individuals are starting their ventures in the Chinese market thus creating competition amid different companies as aforementioned. In a bid to draw foreign direct investment and operate a thriving business in the Chinese market, it is critical to assess the macro-environment and recognize the aspects that would influence financial systems of different companies like the cost of demand and supply (Doole Lowe, 2008). Additionally, there exist some suggestions for local and foreign shareholders and business individuals to access the market in China and distribute information such as high-expertise, cultural, and management proficiencies with companies in China in a bid to create competition and encourage rapid growth of the economy in China. Entry mode The following are some of the entry modes available in China. Licensing In this e ntry mode, one company that has intangible possessions offers a foreign company the permission to utilize that possession for a particular period. The licensed possession could contain exclusive rights, patents, and procedure in addition to trademarks (that encompasses designs and names of brand).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is normal in the manufacturing sector for companies to be given the right to make use of some process expertise in return for royalties (for example companies like Apple that deal with computers and other electronics). Franchising Franchising denotes a special kind of licensing and signifies a situation where a company supplies a different company with intangible possessions as well as other support for a long period in exchange of compensation in terms of costs and royalties. Whereas the licensing method is widely practiced in the manufacturing segment, franchising mode of entry is commonly practiced in the service sector. Strategic alliance: In this mode of entry, at least two companies collaborate to realize strategic objectives. Strategic alliance is mostly practiced between a business and its customers, competitors, and suppliers. Joint venture For the case of a joint venture, the partners structure an autonomous and jointly possessed but detached company in a bid to realize particular business objectives. The types of joint ventures include frontward/rearward incorporation, buyback and multi-phase. Wholly Owned Foreign Enterprise (WOFE): WOFEs denote facilities that are possessed and run by a single parent corporation via foreign direct investment, which could be the outcome of attaining an installation at hand or a development of a new installation from scratch. Chosen mode of entry Apple Company could use licensing, joint ventures, and wholly owned foreign enterprise as its modes of entry in the Chinese market. The company would choose licensing as its mode of entry since it does not have to take up expansion charges and risks associated with venturing in a foreign market. Apple Company would choose joint venture as a mode of entry as being a multinational company it might gain from the knowledge of a local partner in the competitive situations, culture, and business systems of China (De Wit Meyer, 2010). Lastly, Apple Company could employ wholly o wned foreign enterprise as its mode of entry as for a company anchored in control over technical proficiency, this mode of entry decreases the risk of losing management over that proficiency. Wholly owned foreign enterprise offers a company the type of firm control over functions in a number of nations that is essential for pursuing an international strategy. Product Product components around physical product The products of Apple Company such as computers and cell phones denote a significant building block in different systems envisaged for the Internet. Some of the components that could be built around these physical products include cameras, Near Field Communication (NFC) module, and visual markers. Visual markers anchored on Radio Frequency expertise could assist cell phones to recognize every kind of physical object rapidly and effectively. Most computers and cell phones could as well be fitted with powerful cameras that can even decode universal barcodes that can be accessed o n virtually every consumer good. Moreover, computers and cell phones can read Radio Frequency Identification tags with the help of inbuilt Near Field Communication module. Apple Company could offer value addition to clients by enhancing its physical products with digital services, thus making sure that there is an unending attractiveness and constant contact with the product (Jones, 2010). Demographic profile of customers Some of the demographic characteristics of the customers of Apple products are as follows Middle and high-income customers that are ready to pay more for greater user experience. Customers that have fun with technology: this segment could represent customers that enjoy shooting digital videos and photos Lovers and fans of music between 12 and 35 years of age Experts in media and design Low income earners that can only afford cheap products with basic features Competitors Table 1: Competitive Analysis Factor Our Firm Strength Weakness Competitor A Competitor B Importance to Customer Products Computers, mobile phones, music players and other electronics Has a range of products that suit all classes of customers Competitors are copying its products Supplies similar products as Apple Company Offers similar products as Apple Company A wide range of products to choose from Price Suits all levels of customers Advanced products are available at a higher cost Very high prices when compared to prices offered by competitors Cheap products available Offers products at a cheap cost Get products at reduced prices Quality Has provided of low to high quality Customers desiring high quality products get them High quality products are very expensive High quality products are offered at a low cost Quality does not very high prices Get excellent quality Selection Has the greatest market share Has managed to convince most customers Is slowly losing to competitors Are waging competition for an outstanding selection Posing a tough competition Benefit f rom the competition through low prices and high quality Service Has the best and most convenient services Customers are assured of good service Offer some of their services at a high cost Slowly catching up Employing fast-paced digital technology Go for excellent service Reliability Well known for excellent products Excellent products and services make it reliable Higher prices make it gradually loose to competitors Has not been clearly known thus customers have doubt Is yet to be fully approved by most customers Rely on dependable products only Stability Has maintained a leading position over years Has the greatest number of royal customers Is losing some customers to competitors Has developed hitches occasionally Products are not constantly available in the market Never lack what they want Expertise Does not stop inventing Employs modern technology Advanced products go for very high prices Is applying modern technology Offers modern expertise Acquire products of high exper tise Company Reputation Brand loyalty is indubitable Customers are ever attracted to it Is losing regard to competitors Has not gained sufficient reputation Is slowly attracting customers Choose where they benefit most Location Operates globally Has managed the greatest share in almost every market Its high prices are making it loose in some markets Is a multinational corporation Is slowly going global Can get quality products wherever they go Appearance Appealing to all its customers Its constant invention ensures outstanding appearance always Its appearance is being blurred by low prices offered by its competitors Is gradually appealing to its customers Does not appear to offer aggressive competition Go where it appeals most Sales Method Sales in its retail stores as well as online Can reach customers that can have access to its retail stores Acquiring products online has additional charges Sales in its retail stores as well as online Sales in its retail stores Can get the products at their convenience Credit Policies Influenced by economic situation and degree of risk Loyal customers do not have to pay in cash Fail to have a one-suits-all credit policy Value the circumstances for a credit policy Bill some of their customers for the products they buy Acquire products at the most convenient method Advertising Employs appealing slogans for particular products in its campaigns Its slogans are able to attract a huge number of customers Keeps changing its slogans and that may confuse some customers Basis its campaigns on cheap costs Music and media plays a key role in its ads Choose products that attract them most Image Internationally regarded as a market leader Uses its image in satisfying the needs of clients Is losing its image as a result of criticism from some of its competitors Shaping to image to appeal to most customers Faces tough financial constrains that bar it from making sufficient progress Acquire brands with the most preferred image I would standardize a new product as interchangeability brought about by standardization yields a greater efficiency and cheaper costs of manufacturing new products and these gains are conveyed to the customers due to increased competition. Price I would set the prices of the products by first ensuring that I factor in every cost involved in the production and before factoring in the profits. Moreover, I would conduct a market research to know the prices offered by competitors for similar products. I would standardize the price for products by employing calculated amount while considering impacts of cost reduction on the continued operation, which would be adaptable for the people as it will be considerable and as per the quality of the product (Santos-à lvarez Garcà ­a-Merino, 2010). Promotion The promotional tools available for Apple Company are Internet advertisement, direct marketing, and sales promotion. The tools that would be best suited for Apple is Internet advertise ment since most people in the modern world have gone digital and the Internet has converted the world into a global village (Santos-à lvarez Garcà ­a-Merino, 2010). Standardizing a new promotion mix for Apple Company will ensure easy availability of products with a great number of varieties being in stock. Distribution The following are the min distribution channels for Apple Company Figure 1: (Prashantham Dhanaraj, 2010). The best channel for Apple Company in China is the second one, viz. from the company through an agent to the customer. The company will standardize the new distribution channel, as standardization will ensure that a uniform terminology is employed. Conclusion China is a fast developing nation, which has several prospective business opportunities. Nevertheless, it is significant for Apple Company to evaluate the investment environment in China and ensure that it is safe before making an entry. An assessment of the business environment would give a general rep resentation of the market. In this regard, Apple Company can take advantage of the suitable opportunities and reduce any threats. The right strategic planning will present Apple Company with a stable and suitable environment for its growth. Reference List Acs, Z. (2006). How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth? Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 1(1), 97-107. De Wit, B., Meyer, R. (2010). Strategy: Process, content, context, an international perspective. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning Business Press. Doole, I., Lowe, R. (2008). International marketing strategy: analysis, development and implementation. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning EMEA. Isenberg, D. (2008). The global entrepreneur. Harvard Business Review, 86(12), 107-111. Jones, G. (2010). Organizational theory, design, and change. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Li, J., Zhou, Z. (2010). How foreign firms achieve competitive advantage in the Chinese emerging economy: Managerial ties and market ori entation. Journal of Business Research, 63(8), 856-862. Prashantham, S., Dhanaraj, C. (2010). The dynamic influence of social capital on the international growth of new ventures. Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), 967-994. Santos-à lvarez, V., Garcà ­a-Merino, T. (2010). The role of the entrepreneur in identifying international expansion as a strategic opportunity. International Journal of Information Management, 30(6), 512-520. This report on International Strategic Plan to help Apple company expand in China was written and submitted by user Gemma Pacheco to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

EIA Assessment for Loch Urr Wind Farm

EIA Assessment for Loch Urr Wind Farm Carbon Emissions by the Loch Urr Wind Farm Wind farms are located on the peat lands that usually accommodate huge stocks of improperly protected carbon (Energy sources 2012).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on EIA Assessment for Loch Urr Wind Farm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The project, therefore, poses a great threat in the increase of the overall carbon losses. The soil in the Loch Urr has surface organic horizon which is greater than 50 cm in depth (Werner 2010, p. 201). Hence, the project is set to impact carbon emissions to the environment. The carbon is subjected to loss when constructing wind farm, where carbon is lost from the excavated peat (Shogren 2013, p 214). Carbon is also lost from the project area due to drainage (Built Environment-Scottish Government 2012). Some of the constructions that lead to carbon emissions include track preparation, construction of the turbine foundations, and transport ation of the materials to the project area. The legislation and policy covers for carbon emissions In Scotland, there are several policies that have been formulated to govern all projects causing the emission of carbon into the environment. Some of the governing bodies involved in the implementation of the policies include the Scottish Planning Policy (SPP), The National Planning Framework (NPF), and the local policy. NPF is a national policy providing the principal planning approach for Scotland. The regulations set by the national government to control the development of projects in Scotland have been outlined in it (Great 2012).Advertising Looking for coursework on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The stipulated laws dictate that require that all the applications of the planning permission must be formulated in consensus with the development arrangement where the exceptions are indicated and directed otherwise (Great 2012). The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) is a vital organ that determines and ascertains whether the project developers have accurately outlined the regulations of the carbon losses and savings to reduce the overall emissions. This policy necessitating the involvement of SEPA is fundamental in ensuring that the project developers do not pollute the environment since they follow procedures directed towards sustainable development (Energy Sources-Scotland n.d.). The final policy is the European EIA legislation which participates in covering this parameter. The project developers must adhere to the directives set in the various articles within the European EIA legislation (Montini and Bogdanović 2011). The primary need of this legislation is to protect the environment in accordance to the article five that advocates against release of pollutant gases to the environment (Proposal for a Directive-European Commission- Europa 2012). Discussion and examples of the baseline data Even though global warming emissions are not always associated to the functioning of the wind turbines in the farms, there are some cases where these releases arise from different stages in the development of their life cycle (Environmental impacts of wind power n.d.). Some of the activities that lead to emission of carbon by the wind farm in Loch Urr include materials production, on-site construction, transportation of materials, projects that involve operations and maintenance, dismantling, and decommissioning (Koeller, Koeppel and Peters 2006, p. 21).Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on EIA Assessment for Loch Urr Wind Farm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The available data on the level of carbon emissions from the wind farms shows that the power results to insignificant emissions of carbon (Shogren 2013, p. 214). However, arguments have been raised that carbon dioxide takes 72 % of the effects on global warming. A comprehensive cross-examination of the carbon emitted by the wind farm indicates that there is a high percentage of carbon emitted from its activities (Bryce 2011, p. 148). In this regard, the life cycle of carbon emissions in relation to the on-shore wind generation have been estimated at 10 kg per 1 MWh of the electricity generated (Shogren 2013, p. 214). This implies that generating electrical energy to serve cities lead to heavy carbon emissions. However, it is anticipated that prior to following the regulations on gas emissions, the releases will reduce by 42% by the year 2020. Apparently, the investigation of the gas emissions, there remains a gap due to lack of adequate investigation on the release of the non-greenhouse gases during the production process (Lyster 2006). Few developers tend to give estimates of the other percentile gases that the project will emit into the atmosphere. It has been reported that there are many incidences whe re the construction of the wind farm contributes to the loss of carbon compared to its saving (Bryce 2011, p. 148). This does not imply that there is no savings made on the carbon from the wind farms (Shogren 2013, p. 214). The calculation of the carbon emissions that can be attributed to the drainage of peat is obtained from the discharge happening when soil is left in its natural state which is retrieved from the emissions arising from the removal (Transport Scotland n.d.).Advertising Looking for coursework on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is assumed that the total percent of carbon lost when decommissioning the farms is a hundred percent (Energy sources 2010). It is, therefore, advisable for the project developers of the wind farm to follow the strategies that will emit least carbon to the environment strictly. Discussion on the type of prediction methods that could be used for the parameter Prediction would involve the techniques that have been used to forecast the future impacts of the project. There are two types of the prediction methods that can be employed to estimate emissions. These are the extrapolation method and the scenario method. In the scenario design, the process is a situation based planning process used to order someone’s perception concerning the substitute future environments where the present decisions may play out (Richard 2011, p. 89). The extrapolative methods draw trends on the past and the present data (Morgan 2001, p. 89). In this process, there are comparisons made concerning the situations as well as the study of direct impacts on several related projects (Richard 2011, p. 89). Using this method may also necessitate primary surveys in order to get information. The technique will involve visiting Loch Urr area to examine the soil condition and then make comparisons with the other related projects situated under similar soil conditions. The other important method that can be used is the normative methods. This works by assessing the project’s environmental context and its potential to achieve the desired outcomes (Richard 2011). In Loch Urr, the desired direct impact of the carbon emission is the change in Europe climate. Discussion on the possible mitigation measures for the significant impacts on carbon emissions There are numbers of significant impacts caused by the emission of carbon in Loch Urr. The significant impacts are loss of carbon from the soil and increase in the level of the greenhouse gasses leading to global warming (Dinan 2008, p. 24) . The mitigation measures that can be undertaken to minimize these impacts are as follows: Carbon emitted as a result of transportation- This scan is reduced by the use of the transportation means that may not make many trips to the construction sites (Energy Sources-Scotland n.d.). The mitigation measure will involve the use of bigger carriers that will travel to the construction site a few times compared to the small carriers. During the construction, the constructors should put mechanisms that curb the emission of the carbon into the environment such as burning of the construction materials (Good practice during wind farm construction, 2010). Loss of carbon due to drainage- The project developers should put in place the reinforcement measures such as the stabilization of the hillside through insertion of the elements for the reinforcement in the ground, and the mechanical treatment (Energy Sources-Scotland n.d.). Decrease in the level of carbon in the soil- This can be prevented by the construction of the â€Å"floating track†. Floating tracks will ensure that the supporting subsoil and the vegetation in the area remain intact. This measurement may result in the production of less amount of carbon into the environment as compared to when the land was excavated during the construction of roads (Energy Sources-Scotland n.d.). Operational maintenance should also be conducted in the wind farm. The maintenance should be done with care to ensure that little or no carbon is emitted into the air (Energy Sources-Scotland n.d.). Waste management should also be checked to prevent the emission of carbon through unintended ways. Agencies Involvement The agencies involved include the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA), Directorate for the Built Environment, and Transport Scotland. The SEPA will be involved in the scoping stage. This agency is bound to provide important information on the proposed scheme (Energy Sources-Scotland n.d.). The directorat e of the built environment will also be involved since they are mandated to formulate, implement, and monitor legislation and policies concerning any construction. This agency will be involved before the construction of the floating track. They will provide important information on the guidelines of how to construct the floating tracks and the rules governing their construction (Transport Scotland n.d.). This bureau is also concerned with the examination of the development plans in Scotland implying that their involvement throughout the project implementation would be of high impact into the success of the project (Transport Scotland n.d.). Lastly, the Transport Scotland would be involved through consultation during the construction phase. The agencies would provide very important information based on the impacts of the turbines’ constructions and some of the possible mitigation measures that would be built up by the developers to curb any negative impact of the project (Tran sport Scotland n.d.). Use of EIS by competent authorities The EIS would be presented to the Scottish ministers to help them in determining whether the project is practical or not. They will use this EIS to countercheck the developers’ statements based on the expected emissions and savings. After the ministers have considered the merits and the demerits of this project, they will be in a position to say whether the project developers should continue with the project or stop its implementation. The provided impacts on the carbon emissions will guide the Scottish ministers to evaluate whether the developers have set all the mitigation measures to curb the problems that would arise from the impacts. Otherwise, the government would not be in a position to give any directions concerning the state of the project. Therefore, the concerned authorities should comprehensively examine the EIS. References Bryce, R 2011, Power Hungry the Myths of Green Energy and the Real Fuels of the Futu re. New York, Public Affairs. Built Environment-Scottish Government n.d., viewed on scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Built-Environment. Dinan, T 2008, Policy options for reducing COâ‚‚ emissions, Washington DC, Congressional Budget Office. Energy Sources-Scotland n.d., viewed on scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Energy-sources/19185/17852-1/CSavings. Environmental Impacts of Wind Power n.d., viewed on ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-wind-power.html. Good practice during wind farm construction, 2010, viewed on snh.org.uk/pdfs/strategy/. Great, B 2012, National planning policy framework 2012: report from the London, TSO, viewed on https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6000/2115548.pdf. Koeller, J, Koeppel, J Peters, W 2006, Offshore wind energy research on environmental impacts, New York, Springer. Lyster, R 2006, Energy law and the environment, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press. Montini, M, Bogdanović, S 2011, Environmental Security in South-Eastern Europe: International Agreements and their Implementation, Dordrecht, Springer. Morgan, R 2001, Environmental impact assessment: a methodological perspective, Kluwer Acad. Publishers, Dordrecht. Proposal for a Directive-European Commission- Europa 2012, viewed on http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eia/pdf/COM-2012-628.pdf. Shogren, J 2013, Encyclopedia of energy, natural resource, and environmental economics, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. Transport Scotland n.d., viewed on transportscotland.gov.uk/. Werner, L 2010, Soil Carbon Dynamics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Essay Sample on HR Technique during Periods of Change and Uncertainty

Essay Sample on HR Technique during Periods of Change and Uncertainty It is widely believed that one can fool anybody for all time, one can fool everybody for a short time but it is impossible to fool everybody for all time. This is the focal point of the above statement. I believe that an organization is a long termed project and not just a sort termed profit making scam. To attain success in the long term and attain success an organization must look into issues that would help the organization in the long term. One such issue is to maintain sustainability over a long period of time and to attain sustainability the most important variable related to an organization is Trust with a capital T. It is this trust that helps an organization to be fruitful and develop. By using the word trust it is not meant to be applicable to any specific firm or individual. It is not only applicable towards clients and suppliers but it is relevant to everybody associated with the company or organization. This principle could be formulated into a HR technique that would yield surplus in the long run. Trust is not just about the stake holders of the company but more so it is applicable towards its employees too. There is no meaning of showing a bright future where there is none; rather it would be far more positive attitude to reveal everything that is true about the organization. It is not only a moral approach but a trust building operation that would prove to be helpful in future and a HR manager would never let go a chance to win the faith of a worker. (Mukherjee, 28) Revealing the open truth about the company is the most effective way of taking an employee into complete confidence. If you need a custom essay, research paper, thesis, term paper, dissertation on Management, Business or other discipline feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

Poet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poet - Essay Example Having no experience at all on wars or anything related to fighting, the hobbit was hesitant at first but he eventually agreed to join the wizard’s team on an adventure of his life. Nevertheless, he was always perceived by Thorin as a liability and a burden to them because they have to protect him from being harmed- a condition that adds to the leader’s responsibilities. Therefore, the hobbit thought of going back home. However, after some emotional reactions and thoughts of leaving the team, the hobbit’s abilities were then put to test when unexpectedly, the members of the group faced danger in the hands of the goblins. Nonetheless, before he was finally accepted as a hero, the hobbit had to go through some dangers by himself, coming face to face with Golum, a deceiving carnivore corrupted by a magical golden ring. Eventually, he escapes his enemy and rejoins the group who also managed to escape the goblins with the help of Gandalf. However, that was not the end of their dilemma because shortly right after, they again faced the orcs. In his anger, Thorin attacked their leader but was badly hurt and became unconscious. It was then that the hobbit courageously faced the orc. With the help of birds, the team were rescued and brought to a safe place. From there they continued their journey to the Lonely Mountain to destroy the dragon and the story continues until the kingdom is reclaimed (Tolkien). The narration may be a fantasy story nevertheless it portrays facts about life which are observed even in modern times. The Hobbit tells similar themes expressed by Robert Zimmerman, popularly known as Bob Dylan, a singer-songwriter, musician, artist and writer who wrote the poem entitled Desolation Row. The poem is an enjambment, having lines of varying lengths continuing over a line break (poetryarchive.org), which presents ancient and modern worldviews on politics, leadership, virtues and even negative characteristics such as envy, greed and lust . In The Hobbit, it is narrated that Lonely Mountain was once a powerful and successful kingdom, respected and admired for its vast wealth (Tolkien). However, because of the old king’s love for gemstone’s the gem that soon brought disaster to the kingdom was discovered. During the attack of the great dragon on the dwarves’ kingdom, the elves who were once their allies did not even give a helping hand. Therefore, a gap was built between the two kingdoms. Similarly, Desolation Row discusses such theme of racism, hatred, vengeance and injustices. The first part of the poem speaks about the lynching in 1920 when three African-American circus workers were accused of raping a white girl although they were never found guilty (Tuffley). The act is said to have been performed because the accused were Blacks. Their side of the story was never heard. In the same manner, Thorin perceived the elves as his enemies simply because he saw them turn their backs when the great dra gon attacked their kingdom. After the good relationships the two kingdoms shared, there has been a separation between the dwarves and the elves, at least in Thorin’s mind. Nevertheless, as the wise wizard said, the elves must have reasons for their actions which Thorin must also consider and understand (Tolkien). Other themes such as greed- a characteristic that led to the old king’s destruction and the corruption of Gollum, is also discussed in the poem through the lines

Helping the Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Helping the Elderly - Essay Example Going by this theory, elders are in the stage of self actualization and in this stage, they are not attracted by desires etc. All they need is peace and they will be in a position where they know about themselves clearly. At this stage most of the needs are fulfilled. Relating the theory with the case clearly shows one of the major needs of elders - health. Most of the elders are in need of drugs and medicines to relieve them from their diseases. So medicine also becomes the basic need for elders. Most of the drug/medicine businesses are targeted at this basic need of elders. The elders are in a stage of dependency due to their physical and mental weakness. In this case, both the government and Insurance companies must come to the aid of elders as the elders depend directly on medicine for their survival. The role of Doctors, Health care Industry (Drugs), Insurance Companies and Government have a direct impact on the life of elders. These key persons must change their attitude and mindset from looking at elders as a revenue source and start helping them in their own ways. It's no secret that average costs of prescription drugs have raised dramatically in the past decade. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, average retail prices for brand name drugs in the United States more than doubled between 1990 and 2000, from $27 in 1990 to $65 in 2000. The obvious question is: Why? One of the major reasons is the advertising cost spent by health care companies. The amount of money that has been spent promoting drugs since the new FDA regulations went into effect is staggering. In 1996, the drug industry spent $791 million on mass media advertising. Four years later, that number more than tripled to $2.5 billion. ... I approached the case study considering the important people in the case. i.e. Doctors Health care Industry (Drugs) Insurance Companies Government Elders The role of Doctors, Health care Industry (Drugs), Insurance Companies and Government have a direct impact on the life of elders. These key persons must change their attitude and mindset from looking at elders as a revenue source and start helping them in their own ways. The decisions to be taken by doctors are to charge less to elders. The decisions to be taken by health care industry personnel are to provide drugs at a cheap cost to elders. The decisions to be taken by Insurance companies are to charge low premium from elders and compensate them quickly on their medical expenses. The decisions to be taken by Government are to provide tax cut and provisions on high priced medicines to elders. If possible, the Government must distribute them free of cost to elders. Why are prescription drug prices so high The drug prices are tremendously huge. It's no secret that average costs of prescription drugs have raised dramatically in the past decade. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, average retail prices for brand name drugs in the United States more than doubled between 1990 and 2000, from $27 in 1990 to $65 in 2000. The obvious question is: Why One of the major reasons is the advertising cost spent by health care companies. The amount of money that has been spent promoting drugs since the new FDA regulations went into effect is staggering. In 1996, the drug industry spent $791 million on mass media advertising. Four years later, that number more than tripled to $2.5 billion. All told, the U.S. drug industry spent $15.7 billion

Addiction Studies Final Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Addiction Studies Final Study Guide Essay 1. List and describe five (5) of the eleven (11) relapse warnings signs that were discuss in class. 1. Change in Attitude may occur and the recovering person may stop attending meetings or have lack of participation at their meetings. They may engage in addictive thinking (stinkin thinking). 2. Elevated Stress may happen if little things begin to build up over time, especially if they are not handles with healthy coping skills or are all together overlooked or ignored. This can also happen when a recovering person choose to over react to life changes. 3. Reactivation of Denial happens when stressors begin to take root ad get to the recovering person back into feeding their old ways of thinking. They could begin to think they need their substance(s)every once in a while or tell themselves they CANT stay sober all the time, or even lie to themselves and let themselves think a little won’t hurt, or one time wont make a difference etc. (feed into denials). See more: Social process essay 4. Recurrence post-acute withdrawal symptoms might begin to surface again and a recovering person may experiences sleeplessness, increased anxiety, and even memory loss. Depression usually can continue long after abstaining from drugs/alcohol. 5. Behavior Changes such as slight changes in the routine or altering the already established method that had previously been working without real reason for making such changes. 6. Social breakdown is when the recovering person may start to feel uncomfortable around others. They may see or call their sponsor less to prevent anyone from noticing these changes. They may avoid family or friends who may try to intervene or just feel like the are unable to relate to people the same not that they have experienced so much. They may have fears of letting others in or telling too much and this can cause somewhat of social isolation with gives more opportunity for the recovering person to lie to themselves. 7. Loss of Structure is once the recovering person completely abandons the daily routine that they had developed during their early sobriety as ways to keep themselves sober and on the right track. This could also happen is some major event such as losing a job or having to move or loss of an apartment or current living situation. 8. Loss of Judgment is seen when the recovering person has trouble making decisions and has a difficult time managing feelings and emotions. 9. Loss of Control is when the individual makes irrational decisions choices an is unable to interrupt or alter the choices they are making. They may start to cut off people who were once positive persons or would be able to offer help and may think he/she can return to social drinking or minimal rug use recreationally. 10. Loss of Options is seen once the recovering person begins to limit their available options and stops attending meetings with counselor and support system. Addicted person may have feelings of loneliness, frustration, resentment and anger. 11. Relapse is when the individual actually attempts reusing/substituting use. The addict may think this is controlled social or short term alcohol/drug use but ultimately is still a relapse in recovery. Disappointment at the results follows almost immediately and the individual experiences shame and guilt and may even use these feelings as an excuse or reason to continue using if they do not seek out help. 2. Identify six (6) client engagement/counseling techniques discussed in class and discuss how they could potentially increase the client counselor relationship. 1. Establishing the relationship may be one of the initial barriers you may have to overcome. This can be done by having authentic conversations or using a sense of humor to help the client relax. Listening is the counselor’s main focus and primary role though. Listening to a client may be something they are not always use to. Many people probably tell them what they should be doing or how they are doing things wrong; but they might not often get the opportunity to think for themselves. When it is not the drug/alcohol controlling them, it is often others around them. Use the opportunity to ask your client what they think of things and asking them what they want or what is their perspective. Taking the time to invest in your client by considering their response gives them time to discover for themselves what are issues they may have or want to work on. Be careful to remember it is about them, not you. Once the client sees they can trust you they will begin to open up and this p otentially is the very beginning or real change and becoming accountable for their own story (if you listen without being judgmental). 2. Empowerment is felt by the client if the counselor helps find was or the client to take power over their own actions. Helping the client see they are not being forced to do anything, and they can ultimately decide what they want to do creates a feeling of being in control. Sometimes a client may be court ordered and if they dont want to talk and dont make them, let them sit there and they may begin to have a conversation out of bored. Letting them know they get to decide to do whatever it is that they want to and they can make the most out of it if you want to. One the client begins to see they are responsible for their own outcomes they become more accountable and more involved in their own recovery. The harder they work for it, the more motivated they will be to keep up with all their hard work because they earned it and it wasnt given to them. 3. Helping the client discover their vulnerabilities (times they may feel most weak such as when they are hungry, angry, lonely, tired etc) and triggers allows the client to identity a time they may need to have a support plan for. One a problem area is discover the client can begin to make a plan as to what they can do to over time these times which will help them get better results. Each occasion they are prepared for will help them be more successful at overcoming and thus building up their own belief in themselves. 4. Helping the client gain positive support is curial for recovery. Just by investing time in your own client you become a part of this support system. Also helping them find other groups that appeal to them (not every meeting is right for everyone and being understanding when they have negative feed about one group, being sure not to punish their feelings but to encourage searching for another group etc) may give them the added support they need in between sessions and may also help with finding new friends who have similar goals at achieving sobriety is great reinforcement. 5.Helping the client establish goals for themselves help gives short term objectives to not only keep them working the program (even when theyre not in the meeting or in sessions) but keeps their brain focusing on treatment. Helping and encouraging the client to make realistic and achievable goals that they are likely to be successful with is helpful in feeling empowered and builds self-esteem and self-worth along with adds to feelings that sobriety is possible (if you take one step at a time, one day at a time etc). 6. Assisting the client in further development with life skills such as stress or anger management help gives the client alternatives and healthier coping skills. Giving the client the ability to make good decisions by advancing their knowledge and education often increases the likeliness they will make positive decisions. This often acts as a coaching mechanism and teaches the client there are other options and reinforces they have choices are responsible for their actions. 3. Discuss the advantages of the group modality of treatment? The advantages of group treatment is they often instill hope by hearing other success stories or even hearing others having similar struggles and knowing that they are not alone is helpful. They help individuals accept themselves for who they are or what life they have and give strength to one another in a group effort. The shared experiences add effectiveness and make the struggles seem more normal or manageable as you see everyone work on similar goals. The group meetings usually offer education and support and because there is no hierarchy or leader and they are self-governing; there are roles of group responsibility. Every person then becomes equally important and serves a purpose. Because most groups are free they are available to anyone and because they are offered just about everyone (including online) they are accessible to everyone regardless of income or having insurance or a vehicle. The group setting promises anonymity which opens the doors to being more honest without fear of reprimand or condemnation. This can help reduce level of shame in knowing there are others who have mad the same mistakes and are working toward resolving them and still have hope. 4. When is individual counseling a preferred modality of treatment? Individual counseling is available and is recommended as another element of therapy and recovery for each individual, but is not necessary or required in order to recover. Individual counseling is often a preferred modality of treatment for those whose demographic (are minorities: teens, women, bi, lesbian, gay, transsexual communities, particular religious groups/extremes etc) can have a profound impact upon the patient’s ability to confront underlying problems (social acceptance, past physical/emotion/sexual abuse, traumatic experiences etc) and establish a solid foundation for recovery. At times courts also offer individual counseling in order to determine if there are underlying issues (such as mental health/ developmental disabilities). Clinicians who work with specialty programs should have training in the issues pertaining specifically to that population and should be trained in different specialty programs that will have sensitivity to those issues that the majority and average clinicians may not have. 5. List five (5) mental health disorders that are commonly associated with addictive disorders? The most common mental health disorders that are commonly associated with addictive disorders are antisocial personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenic disorder, and bulimia. 1.Anxiety Disorders (ADHD, generalize anxiety)2.Psychotic Disorders (schizophrenia)3.Mood Disorders (bipolar and major depression)4.Personality Disorders (borderline and antisocial) 6. Give five (5) reasons that persons with mental illnesses might stop taking their medications. There are many reasons why someone might stop taking their prescribed medication, but especially those with mental illnesses seem to struggle with regular medication maintenance for reasons such as simply forgetting to take their medications, the cost of their medications (especially if they have no health insurance or are in poverty), they may even have he distorted perception and the belief that they are cured or may simply miss the positive symptoms (such as the manic phases of bipolar) or sadly, may have gotten misguided advise from others in recovery that medication is not needed. 7. What are the family rules, identified by Claudia Black, that have been associated with families that have been impacted by addiction and the purpose they serve? Dont talk, dont trust, dont feel, are common rules for children in families with addicts. These rules are often not written or verbalized (unspoken), but work almost like understood laws known by the family of those suffering from addiction. They know better than to talk about someone illness in their family, including talking to others within the family about the family problems. Silence is learned as demonstrated by these who serve role models in the family and the children learn to minimize, discount, rationalize, and pretend things are different than how they really are and often dont learn how to express themselves. The reasons behind learning these unspoken rules serves as a way to hide shame, embarrassment, protection from being blamed for something they didnt do, and almost serves as a way of loyalty to the family unit. These children often experience many disappointments that results in learning not to count on others or believe promises made anyone. Children are not given a way to express the feelings the stem from this environment and ultimately learn its better not to have feelings to talk about. Sadly, this is often a cycle and often times, these children, end up the addicts of the next generation. 8. List and describe the family roles that have been associated with addiction and other high stress family dynamics. Addiction is a disease the effects the entire family, not just the addict themselves. Often times, those within the family take on certain roles if struggling with dysfunction or addiction; some of those role are: The â€Å"star†-who is the addict themselves and is often controlling the entire family, the enabler-who is often the spouse of the addicted person and act dependently with them, the hero-often times is the oldest or older child who tries to help the family by being perfect and over achieves to make up for the lack of others, the scapegoat-often acts as a person to blame for the problems in the family and may often cause trouble to draw attention away the bigger issues of the family, the forgotten child-often is the younger child who doesn’t get the attention that they need because of the bigger issues taking priority, and the clown can be any person in the family who tries to make light within the stressful times as a way for everyone to cope. 9. Discuss why Harm Reduction as a concept that is somewhat controversial in the treatment /recovery profession. Harm reduction is the concept of no longer attempting to help the individual abstain from chemicals (after years or multiple failed intervention/recovery programs based on the assumption that it is possible to change behaviors over time) but immediately help reduce consequences of their continued substance abuse (until, hopefully, the individual accepts abstinence as a goal) meanwhile reducing the damage being done by their continued use of chemicals. Examples of such models are nicotine replacement therapy, needle exchange programs, and methadone maintenance programs. These programs are considered providing replacements chemicals in a controlled manner so that the individual is less likely to share or reuse dirty needles or engage in criminal behaviors and activities in order to obtain the substances to abuse which ultimately is thought to help reduced the spread of infectious diseases as well as reduce some cost to Medicare/Medicaid and other insurance premiums of users who destroy their health as well as abuse ER/hospitals as a way to get prescription etc. Harm reduction does have some obvious advantages, but likewise also had the potential to be an enabling way for users to continue use. Many 12 step programs teach about the important of consequences serving as motivation for change and believe harm reduction serves as a way to prolong the user’s efforts to get the help they need. Others argue that this serves the community more so than the addict, while helping the addict continue to kill/hurt themselves for the benefit of the community by hoping to decrease (unpreventable/uncontrollable) criminal behaviors. It is argued that addicts will still continue to use dirty needles, get additional drugs, and also participate still in illegal activity and that harm reduction just adds to the addiction.

A Not So-Perfect Pancake Essay -- Personal Narrative Family Essays

Not So-Perfect Pancake The form of the pancake my mother made for me every morning was always unpredictable. Sometimes, they would come out perfectly, smooth and round with sprinkles of love blended in. Other times, they would be mushy, uneven shapes that seemed to pile onto the plate. It was just like life, sometimes things would go as planned without any wrinkles, smooth, and other times I would need a steamy iron to get rid of the bunching wrinkles. Overall though, the pancakes symbolized my mother's loyalty to me and served as a bonding tool. Waking up at 6:00 was never something I enjoyed. In fact, it was more of a wrestling match between my alarm clock and me. Staggering out of bed, I would somehow manage to drag myself into the shower and progress to drying my hair and finding clothes, on a good day they would even match. Then, I would routinely plop down onto the red and white-checkered cushion that covered my favorite stool, and eat the breakfast my mother made for me. It was always the same, a single chocolate chip pancake with whip cream on top. Why I chose a chocolate chip pancake and not something else like poached eggs with biscuits, I'm not sure. Perhaps it was because I loved how the chocolate chips would melt into the rest of the pancake adding a semi sweet taste to a normally bland breakfast, or it could be blamed on my pickiness as an eater. Once I found something I liked, I rarely strayed from it. More practically though, it was because my mother could prepare the batter the night before making it quicker and easier to cook in the morning. During the times I was on schedule, a rarity for me in the morning, I would slowly savor each bite and talk to my half asleep mother about little things: the fight... ...help of my family and the return of my sister it was able to transform into a perfect delectable and delicious pancake. And why did my mother wake up to make me one every morning? I heard her talking on the phone to my brother. Living in Alaska, there is a five-hour time change, and he called one morning expecting to leave a message on the answering machine. Instead he got my mothers dreary voice. I could assume what he was saying on the other line, "Mom, why are you up so early?" She replied with "making Helena breakfast". He obviously questioned the importance of that because the next words out of her mouth were "if I have to sacrifice an hour and a half of sleep to make sure she eats and starts the day off right then I will". It had been five years since I overcame my eating disorder and still my mother proved to me that she never breaks her promises.

Impact Of Insomnia On Daytime Ability To Function Essay

Insomnia pertains to a symptom that is characterized by the difficulty in falling asleep. In other cases, insomnia is also involved in not being able to sleep for the required number of hours each night. It is thus pertinent to describe insomnia as a symptom associated with poor quality or insufficiency of sleep. Several factors may trigger the symptom of insomnia in an individual, hence this condition can be considered as situational, wherein a certain incident may result in an individual’s inability to sleep. Insomnia may also be described based on its occurrence in an individual, thus resulting in intermittent or persistent forms (Davidson 109). Insomnia generally occurs with another medical condition, such as a psychiatric disease or drug abuse. The importance of treatment regimens for insomnia has been the focus of biomedical research as it has long been established that insomnia does not resolve through time. More importantly, it has been reported that insomnia can significantly affect the quality of life of an individual. In addition, insomnia can result in the further progression of a psychiatric disorder, thus putting a patient at greater risk for mental health deterioration (Davidson 112). It has also been observed that the occurrence of insomnia is positively correlated to the frequency of consultations with a physician, as additional medical disorders are caused by this sleeping symptom. Impact of insomnia on sleep As insomnia is a symptom that affects sleep, it is important to determine the causative factors that result in such condition. The most common factors that influence the occurrence of insomnia include stressful incidents in the life of an individual. Death of a loved one, as well as conflict with another individual, often results in insomnia (Davidson 110). Illness and problems with work or study can also result in a difficulty in sleeping. Environmental factors may also result in insomnia, such as that of residing in a location where there is constant noise from traffic or construction. Social conditions may also influence the occurrence of insomnia, such as that of caring for a newborn baby right after childbirth. However, it should be understood that the sleeping patterns of pregnant women after generally disturbed and thus may even be more severe after childbirth. It has been suggested that post-partum insomnia may be possibly due to the mother’s instinct of providing constant care for her child, in terms of feeding and cleaning the baby. Other social factors that result in insomnia include having an adolescent child who spends evenings outside the home and the parents worriedly stay awake until their child comes home (Davidson 110). Age has also been reported to influence the occurrence on insomnia. It has been observed that insomnia is a common symptom that afflicts women who have reached the transition stage into menopause, as this phase of their life causes much distress to them. Caring for a sick elderly individual also results in insomnia, as the caretaker vigilantly checks on an older individual throughout the night. This condition tends to be more difficult when the elderly person is also suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, which is generally characterized by straying to other places even in the late hours of the night. The caretaker thus tends to keep watch over the actions of the elderly person in order to keep him from harm. Impact of insomnia of waking functioning Circadian rhythm pertains to the cyclic patterns that an individual undertakes based on a synchronizing stimulus. Most living species synchronize their activities based on the most ominous factor, which is the light emanating from the sun. In the case of human beings, sunlight determines whether it is time to awaken or to sleep. The presence of light also influences the majority of the physiologic activities of the human body, including the time of the meals in an entire day. The circadian clock of every individual is thus set according to the standard day, wherein sunlight in present for approximately 12 hours and absence for another 12 hours. Within the evening, the human body is programmed to rest and this is mainly through sleep. The occurrence of insomnia can affect an individual’s circadian rhythm as the length or the quality of sleep is affected. An individual with insomnia may be awake at least half of the night and thus find poor coordination in his motor and mental skills during the day. Individuals who work on a shift basis are often affected by insomnia as they are generally assigned to different hours every few months (Shechter 15). Healthcare personnel, such as nurses and technologists, are usually assigned to work on the night shift for 3 months and thus their circadian rhythm is misaligned during this period. Once they return to their daytime shift, they find difficulty in falling asleep as their bodies have already adjusted to a modified circadian rhythm (Shechter 14). The same conditions also occur in other jobs that are associated with changes in shift duties, including those in the police departments and other 24-hour surveillance jobs. The perturbation in the circadian rhythm and its association to the onset of insomnia often results in the deterioration of the quality of work of an individual or a poor performance in school. In addition, an individual with insomnia usually shows poor cognitive capacity, as well as a decrease in the productivity at work. These individuals often lack the capacity to focus on their activities, resulting in accidents (Shechter 15). It is a common occurrence that drivers get into accidents due to the lack of sleep and thus their motor skills and reflex actions are not that reactive during the day. Polysomnographic features of insomnia Polysomnographic studies have shown that an individual with insomnia is generally characterized to have a short latency period during their sleep (Shechter 14). In addition, the sleep efficiency of these individuals is significantly low, resulting in the frequent and easy awakening by even simple stimuli in their immediate environment. The rapid eye movement (REM) and sigma sleep stages of individuals with insomnia are largely influenced by the circadian rhythms that are been set by their bodies and thus any change in the sleeping quality and habits may affect these sleep stages. Any disturbance in these sleep stages may result in the lack of or difficulty in sleeping. Polysomnographic investigations have also shown that the core body temperature in influenced by an individual’s circadian rhythm. Sleep is thus normally observed in the evening, when the core body temperature is significantly lower than what is usually observed during the day. Any shift in the circadian rhythm of an individual may thus result in an unexpected core body temperature, resulting in an individual’s difficulty in falling asleep. This core body temperature should be achieved approximately six hours before going to sleep, in order for an individual to achieve the normal 8 hours of sleep. For an individual who attends to a night-shift job, the usual length of sleep varies from 4 to 7 hours, which is a prime feature of insomnia. Behavior and/or therapeutic recommendations for insomnia It is possible to adapt behavioral conditioning strategies for insomnia. Individuals suffering from insomnia often spend hours or several evenings in bed but are fully awake the entire time. Their insomnia thus further worsens as their brain is conditioned to consider the bed and the bedroom as sites where one stays awake and any attempt to further induce sleep may be futile. It is thus suggested that when one feels sleepy, regardless of the time of day, one should then attempt to go to his bed in order to teach his brain that the bed is a place to sleep. It is also not helpful for an individual with insomnia to find a substitute place to sleep, such as the couch, as this will condition his mind that the couch is his sleeping niche and eventually, going back to the bedroom can even be harder to achieve. There are specific drug formulations that may also aid an individual suffering from insomnia. One of the most common medications is benzodiazepine, which binds to the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors of the brain, which is responsible to the excitation of neural cells (Davidson 111). This binding thus results in the inhibition of the neural functions of the individual, resulting in a sleepy mode. One negative effect of benzodiazepine is that the normal stages of sleep are affected and thus may trigger unnecessary changes in the duration of each stage and possibly dependence on the drug. It is also possible that this drug may induce hypnotic effects on an individual. Non-benzodiazepine formulations are also available for the treatment of insomnia. Melatonin is another therapeutic regimen that may be administered to an individual with insomnia (Davidson 112). There is currently great debate with regards to the effectiveness of this drug, as it has mostly been applied to individuals suffering from jet lag-induced insomnia and thus this drug may not be effective for other insomnias that are caused by other factors. Antidepressants and antihistamines can also be administered to insomnia patients to alleviate their difficulty in falling asleep. Herbal concoctions have also been reported to facilitate sleep. A few of the most used herb are chamomile, kava kava and lavender, which can be supplied in tea formats. Personal reflections Insomnia is generally regarded as a simple condition that is often misunderstood and mistreated. It is important that insomnia be addressed as soon as possible because this condition often affects several systems of the human body and may thus result in the decrease in the immune capacity of an individual. Insomnia can also affect the quality of work or study of an individual and thus this negative effect should be addressed at the earliest possible time. Social interactions can also be affected by insomnia, as these individuals are often irritable and sensitive. Several accidents have also been caused by the lack of sleep and it is possible that an individual may hurt himself while working and even hurt other people, especially when they are using a motor vehicle when they suddenly lose attention or fall asleep. It is thus imperative that individuals with insomnia be educated on what to do to take control of their condition and possibly go back to their normal circadian patterns.

Mental Workload Assessment

We all feel stressed out and strained when we have work to do. Not only that, we experience situations like this even if we are just studying. More often, we feel pressured just by thinking the amount of exams to be prepared for, or for that next project that is necessary for a good promotion in the company. Mental workload is the right term for the stress and strain we experience, especially with regards to studying and working.   The Hanover College defines mental workload as â€Å"the feeling of mental effort or the level of use of the human operators limited resources† (n.d.).   In short, mental workload is a demand placed upon humans (Xiaoli, n.d.). When there is too much mental workload, it might lead to errors. Preventing this makes mental workload important to be understood. However, due to the many factors that must be considered in discussing mental workload, defining it becomes difficult. Mental workload is important in driving and aviation and design. In fact, most of the studies conducted about mental workload were about driving and aviation and task demands. This is perhaps due to the fact that a driver is required to do not just one but many tasks. Moreover, even though a driver is experienced, accidents still occur. De Waard (1996) conducted a study on mental workload among drivers. He said that driving a car looks like a pretty simple task for everyone. Driving schools provide comprehensive lessons and manuals on how to drive safely. But no matter how good a driver can be, accidents cannot be avoided. Moreover, these accidents are attributed to human failure. Human failure is still increased due to several factors. First is the increasing number of vehicles on the road. There is a demand on the human information processing system, and also increase in the likelihood of vehicles colliding. Second, people drive well into old age. However, older people tend to suffer from problems in terms of divided attention performance. It all started with the car radio, and then car phones and other technological devices. The driver must divide his attention to all these systems besides controlling the vehicle. Lastly, those drivers in a diminished state may endanger him. Most of the time, drivers set out at night for the longer journeys to avoid traffic. Driving at night can cause him sleepiness and fatigue. Aside from this, the driver can also be intoxicated (de Waard, 1996). Xiaoli (n.d.) presented the factors which affect driver workload, including the following: fatigue, monotony, sedative drugs and alcohol. Environmental factors also affect drivers, such as traffic demands, automation and road environment demands. There are different techniques in assessing mental workload, including the following: performance measures, physiological measures, and subjective task measures (or self-report measures) (Luximon & Goonetilleke, 2001). Primary and secondary task measures comprise the performance, or system output measures. An overview of each assessment technique will be discussed in the context of traffic research (driving or aviation). Performance Measures In Xiaoli’s (n.d.) slide presentation, he said that the measures usually belonging to this category are speed of performance, number of errors made and reaction time measures. Outside the laboratory, these become task-specific. De Waard (1996) said that most of primary-task measures include speed or accuracy measures. Aside from this, De Waard (1996) explained that primary-task performance establishes the efficiency of man-machine interaction. Not just the primary-task performance but also other workload measures must work together so that valid conclusions can be drawn about man-machine interaction. There are several approaches in the measurement of performance measures. First is the analytical approach (Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi and Dawes, 1995). According to Welford (1978, cited in Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi and Dawes, 1995), the analytical approach considers the detail at the actual performance of the task that will be assessed. Not only the overall achievement is examined but also the manner in which it is achieved. Another assessment technique is the synthetic methods. These start with a task analysis of the system. Task analytic procedures are then used to identify the specific performance demands placed on the operator. The third approach is the multiple measurement of primary task performance. This approach is very useful when individual measures of primary task performance do not show enough sensitivity to operator workload. On the other hand, Xiaoli (n.d.) indicated that secondary-task performance are about factors such as time estimation or time-interval production and memory-search tasks. The assumption associated with secondary task measure says that an upper limit exists on the ability of a human operator to gather and process information (Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi & Dawes, 1995). The way to measure secondary-task performance is through another task included to the primary one. De Waard (1996) mentioned about the multiple-resource theory. The theory says that â€Å"the largest sensitivity in secondary-task measures can be achieved if the overlap in resources is high† (De Waard, 1996). According to Hancock, Vercruyssen and Rodenburg (1992), a person must have the ability to synchronize their actions with the dynamics of differing environmental demands so that he can survive and prosper in uncertain conditions. This means that the person must have some degree of autonomy with respect to space and time. However, secondary-task measures have disadvantages to consider. According to De Waard (1996), time sharing is not very efficient if the same resources are utilized. Moreover, additional instrumentation is required in secondary-task measures. Not only that, but there is lack of operator acceptance. There are also possible compromises to system safety. Subjective Task Measures There is much talk about the self-report measures, which is also called subjective measures. In fact, for De Waard (1996), self-report measures are advantageous because they can better show the real meaning of mental workload. These measures’ subjectivity is what makes self-report measures strong. Muckler and Seven (1992, as cited in De Waard, 1996) explained that self-report measures are strong because the awareness of the operator about the increasing effort used must give subjective measures an important role to play. Moreover, performance and effort are incorporated in self-report measures. Additionally, individual differences, operator state and attitude are also considered. Xiaoli (n.d.) said that the primary advantages of subjective task measures are high face validity, ease of application and low costs. However, there are also limitations in these measures. First is that there might be confusion of mental and physical load in rating. There might also be an exhibition of the operator’s inability to differentiate between external demands and actual effort or workload experienced. Second, limitations can be seen in the operator’s ability to introspect and rate expenditure correctly. Hancock, Brill, Mouloua and Gilson (2002) added that another disadvantage of self-report measures is that they cannot be used for online workload assessment. Physiological Measures According to De Waard (1996), physiological measures showed sensitivity to global arousal or activation level and in some stages in information processing. One advantage of this is that physiological responses do not need an obvious response by the operator. Additionally, most cognitive tasks do not need overt behavior. Moreover, some of the measures can be collected continuously. Kramer (1991, cited in De Waard, 1996) showed some of the disadvantages of these measures. First is that there must be specialized equipment and technical expertise to be able to utilize these measures. Second is the presence of signal-to-noise ratios. Kramer furthered that in operator-system performance, the operator’s physiology is not directly involved, unlike in primary-task performance. Other physiological measures involved in driving are pupil diameter, endogenous eye blinks, blood pressure, respiration, electrodermal activity, hormone levels, event related potentials, and electromyogram. De Waard (1996) furthered that not all measures are sensitive to workload when it comes to performance. There are instances when dissociation between these measures of different categories was reported. He said that dissociation occurs between measures when they do not correspond to changes in the workload, or if there is an increase in one measure and a decrease in another. Performance is thus affected by the amount of resources invested and the demands on working memory. Hancock, Brill, Mouloua and Gilson (2002) said that although physiological measures present global assessments of workload, they do little to balance the demands of tasks on sensory systems. In addition, physiological measures provide little or no information about what sensory systems are most taxed. To measure mental workload, two groups must be considered (Gopher & Donchin, 1986, cited in De Waard, 1996). Self-report measures, physiological measures and performance measures are included in the first group. This group supposes that it is probable to achieve a global measure of mental workload. The second group includes secondary-task measures and some of the physiological measures. This group is concerned about those diagnostic procedures and has something to do with the theories of multiple resources. References De Waard, Dick. (1996). The measurement of drivers’ mental workload. The Netherlands: The Traffic Research Center VSC. Hancock, P.A., Brill, J.C., Mouloua, M., & Gilson, R.D. (2002). M-SWAP: On-line workload assessment in aviation. Paper presented at the 12th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Dayton, OH. Hancock, P.A., Vercruyssen, M., & Rodenburg, G.J. (1992). The effect of gender and time-of-day on time perception and mental workload. Current Psychology: Research and Review,. 11, 203-225. Hanover College. (n.d.). Mental Workload. Retrieved October 27, 2007 from http://psych.hanover.edu/classes/hfnotes3/tsld022.html Luximon, A. & Goonetilleke, R. (2001). Simplified subjective workload assessment technique. Ergonometrics, 44, 229-243. Meshkati, N., Hancock, P.A., Rahimi, M., & Dawes, S.M. (1995). Techniques of mental workload assessment. In J. Wilson and E.N. Corlett, (Eds.). Evaluation of human work: A practical ergonomics methodology. (Second Edition), London: Taylor and Francis. Xiaoli, Yi. (n.d.). Measurements of mental workload. [Slide presentation]. Available on http://www.slideshare.net/ESS/measurement-of-mental-workload/